The oikonymic dictionary of the Volgograd region, put together by the renowned Volgograd onomasticians – Doctors of Philological Sciences, Professors I.V. Kryukova and V.I. Suprun – is being reviewed. The publication contains more than 1500 dictionary entries covering the names of cities, villages, stanitsas, khutors, railway stations and passing tracks, including settlements that no longer exist, and the names of the inhabitants of the settlement (demonyms). It is shown that the dictionary organically continues the traditions of the Volgograd onomastic school, developing the material previously presented in the hydronymic dictionary of the Volgograd region by the same authors (2009). It is noted that the work of I.V. Kryukova and V.I. Suprun is fundamentally different from the earlier reference dictionary of the regional toponymicon by D.Yu. Ilyin and E.G. Sidorova (2019): while the latter primarily addresses informational and reference tasks, the reviewed dictionary focuses on the etymology and historical and cultural motivation of names. The authors’ diligent work with archival sources, cartographic materials from the 18th to the 20th centuries, and field data is emphasized. The most notable etymological decisions, including those based on German colonial names and Kalmyk toponymy, are analyzed separately. Suggestions are made for the unification of the presentation of demonymy and the inclusion of cartographic material in the publication. It is concluded that the dictionary has not only linguistic but also historical and local lore significance, and in conjunction with previous works, it provides a comprehensive picture of the region’s toponymic landscape.