Formation features of Persian toponyms

Abstract

This research is dedicated to the comprehension toponyms in the Persian language, which have their own formation features. Being a class of nouns, Persian toponyms have a wide variety of formation due to common linguistic processes in this region. It is proved that the spread of the Arabic and the Turkic languages had a huge impact on the formation of Persian toponyms as well as of many adverbs, dialects of the Persian language and its group. Suffixes with spatial meaning, prefixes, words-affixes, which play the critical role in the formation of spatial concepts, emerge. Topography factors are defined, due to what names of natural resources are included in the name of space, religious faiths and traditions of inhabitants, their economic way of life and household are reflected. Four ways of formation of toponyms in the Persian language, created with the help of affixes, are described; toponyms, which are formed by a combination of different words and particles; names, which combine different word formation techniques; toponyms, consisting of names without any formal element.