A research into the function of the image of Joan of Arc in the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva is carried out. This topic has never attracted the scholars dealing with her work before. The analysis of M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic world showed that first and foremost the image of Saint Joan is connected in M. Tsvetaeva’s poetry with the troubled and tragic post revolutionary epoch in whiсh the poet sees parallels with the time of the Hundred Years War. However, the influence of the image of Joan of Arc on the work of M. Tsvetaeva proved to be deeper and was tracked in her diary notes as well as in the motifs connected with the lyric “self” of her poetry. These motifs are: being a chosen one; being guided by a supernatural force; hearing the voices; life as a constant struggle; a woman, who gets involved into man’s business; a strong woman leading a man to the throne; woman as an embodiment of life and passion in contrast to man - deprived of life slave of rationality; fire in which Joan of Arc and the lyric “self” of the poet parish. The research results in a conclusion that the image of Joan of Arc could be classified as one of the key images of M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic universe.

The attention is focused on the history of science fiction of the XIX century. The ground on which the Russian science fiction is based on, parallels between it are drawn mythology and literary fairy-tale are described. Also the connections between unscientific fantasy and certain romantic traditions on base of some most well-known works written in this genre are analyzed. Science fiction performs much more functions than just entertainment or popularization of scientific knowledge. Literary works written in this genre, touch upon fundamental scientific and philosophical problems, help us to weigh up facts of reality, taking into consideration modern picture of the world. Method of fictious assumption, used by the different writers, makes possible viewing the world from a new perspective. In connection with that, the development of science fiction from the XIX century up to nowadays, seems especially interesting and important. The attention is focused on the period, when Russian science fiction was just born, analyzing such well-known literary works as “A Cosmorama” and “Opere del Cavaliere Giambattista Piranesi “by V.F. Odoevsky, “Opal” by I.V. Kireevsky, “Walter Eisenberg” by K.S. Aksakov, which demonstrate the influence of the most typical tendencies of literature in the XIX century.

The short stories of German writer Wolfgang Borchert, reflecting individual-author’s world view and containing the thoughts about a man organically interacting with the surrounding natural space are analyzed. The reasons of the writer’s creative interest in natural events are specified, ideological and poetological relatedness of the short stories considered (Das Gewitter (The Storm), Beloved blue-gray Night) to the anti-war prose of W. Borchert where cruel war life is counteracted to love of life, devotion to small motherland, spirituality of external (material) objects and things, sincere fascination with a girl (a young man) are considered. The specifics and ways of artistic presentation of natural images in correlation with psychological state of young characters are revealed. The hypothesis of research is based on the guess that during creation of “laconic natural sketches” W. Borchert had an idea of keeping balance in the world with the immediate participation of a man himself. The relevance is in the necessity of specifying and adding the already build scientific notions about problematics and poetics of small prose of the writer, the need in translation into Russian language and include into modern literary context the unknown short stories of W. Borchert, being out of the interest of philologists-scientists.

The notions of native country in fiction space (basing on the material of Kazakhstan writers and poets A. Alimzhanov, O. Suleimenov, Y. Dombrovsky) are considered. The language peculiarities of representing lexical elements: from small motherland (steppe, home, tree) to big motherland (country/state, nation/people, Earth/Universe) are revealed. It is proved that the individuality of text space is appeared in the possibility of free choice of language means as dominating and style-forming (metonymy, metaphor, individual-author’s words and constructions, dominants and etc.) The attention is paid to the representation of tree as archetype - the semantic element life (comp. world tree, tree of life) as a close connection between human and bearing-age trees exists. Such tree belongs to the world of culture than to the world of nature. The tree symbol for Alma-Ata (now Almaty) is an apple tree, which is associated with native town. The research showed that lexical units cottonwood, apple tree, apple, mountains, poplar (living tree), word combination cathedral (transformed tree) are symbolic correlate of Alma-Ata. This is not by chance the words steppe and cottonwood in fiction texts still have the reflection of mythology thinking in culture of Kazakh ethnic culture, actualizing different text meanings.

The significance of musical images in poetry, which formed the cycle “Carmen” of A.A. Blok is considered. This cycle reflected vivid content of G. Bizet’s opera “Carmen”. The methods of description is music and poetry relations is proposed, the principles of nature of life situations revealing during poet’s work on the researched cycle. It let see internal connection with elements of artistic structure of poetic cycle, the means and musical peculiarities of G. Bizet’s opera “Carmen” and also collisions of romantic relations of a poet and the main actress L.A. Andreeva-Delmas. It is established, that the poet through poetic cycle “Carmen”, consisting of ten poems, associated with G. Bizet’s opera and written during the period of love for opera singer introduces to the reader the world of poetic and musical works through the prism of romantic relations. It is revealed that explicit sign as an abbreviation symbolizes the close relations of the poet and the opera singer: dedication-cryptonym creates the word (lad L.A.D.) which reflects polyvalency and applying for the music, life and poetry. The chronological coordination of facts, biography events and musical life events proves their influence on ideological-artistic ideas of A.A. Blok’s poetry.

The analysis of civic activity process formation of younger generation as task-oriented process of educational and extra-curricular forms of students’ life activity organization aimed at becoming and development of full and conscious notion of civic spirit essence is proposed. It is established, that specifics of civic activity formation of the younger generation defines the place of this direction in general system of Kazakhstan’s youth education. It is proved that the knowledge of specifics of civic spirit formation strategy and its consideration in educational work practice let plan and bring into life the process of civic activity formation of pupils-teenagers. It is founded that the content of civic activity of pupils-teenagers define motivational, cognitive and process components, without consideration of which the process of civic activity formation will not have any positive result. Basing on the principle of complex approach to education it is important to consider that the civic education is connected with spiritual, political, patriotic, moral, legal and cultural education. It is stated that civic activity is civic spirit, accomplished from young age, from school years, which is basis for actions and behavior of young person for welfare and prosperity of home country. It is proved, that for methodological foundation of linguistic and cultural description of regularities of formation of civic spirit of the growing generation the important fact is appeal to the past as a necessary condition of adequate description of the notion civic spirit in every linguistic culture. This approach let reveal the significant cultural information enclosed in language unit, which was build for many years is relevant at the moment and is directly related to the notion “civic spirit”.

The images of women in folklore and history of Turkoman where the attention is paid to ancient epic memorials and women images are traced are studied. The mythology of an important part of thinking and its realization of brought into life in myths and mythologema which create mythological conceptual sphere of national-cultural world view. The myths are attractive for people due to their simplicity, availability of perception and also imagery, symbolic narration and they are easily remembered and the information is easily transferred. Folklore and myths are the most ancient, archaic, ideological education, having syncretic nature. Female characters in Turkic folklore-literature memorials plays an important role in the process of world order creation. The collectors of Turkic folklore and myths elaborated different plots and used features of female characters in their later works. This is also about enlightenment literature, which is ideologically aimed at Islam popularization. The image of woman in Turkic folklore-literature memorials passes though some changes due to epic context. During female images consideration we base on famous classifications of Turkic mythological plots, which exist in texts of Middle age memorials. Some texts show (dastan, legends and myths of ancient Turkic, fairytales and etc.) some plots, elaborated in epic form are mythology developed historic legends where act not only heroes, having divine origin but also gods themselves. At the border of real myth and historical legend female characters are build up in Turkic literature.

On the basis of the analysis still the non-published memoirs of eyewitnesses of events and the written certificates containing in the published literature, some pressing questions connected with life and activity of visible scientist-orientalist Alexander Alexandrovich Semenov (1873-1958), the native of village Polnoe Konobeevo of Shatsky district of the Tambov province (present Shatsky area of the Ryazan region) who after the termination of Lazarevsky institute of east languages (Moscow) has been defined in 1901 for work to Ashgabat - an administrative centre of the most southern, Zakaspijsky area of the Russian empire for the first time are considered. It is proved that from the end of spring of 1901 to the beginning of the summer 1906, that is within full five years of A.A. Semenov, working as managing statistical department of office of the chief of Zakaspijsky area, simultaneously became as the researcher-orientalist with encouraging the future of the scientist. He became one of founder members of the Zakaspijsky circle of fans of archeology and East history. He has published the scientific article about an archaeological monument of Anau, has organized in Ashgabat courses of east languages with teaching Turkmen and other languages. Other results of its scientific and practical works executed in Ashgabat which have left a treasured trace in the history of Turkmenistan at the very beginning of the 20th century are revealed and analyzed. Some pages from life and activity of Turkmen writer Hydyr Derjaev (1905-1988), - the former student of A.A. Semenov on the Central Asian State University are considered.

The demotivator as a multimodal text which synthesizes verbal and visual components and is characterized by multidimensionality, comic sense is analyzed. The study of demotivator is carried out within Cognitive linguistics that gives insights into interpretive activity of language speakers from the point of view of cognitive and linguistic mechanisms of meaning-making. As the cognitive process defining the creation of demotivator, interpretation which is carried out with the help of conceptual integration is considered. Interpretation as a cognitive process relies on the collective knowledge of the scheme, receiving both verbal and visual representation, but involves a subjective understanding of the object of interpretation or its certain characteristics by a separate individual. Interpretation involves the operation of “conceptual integration”, with help of which semantic links between elements verbal and visual components of demotivators are established. On the material of English demotivators it is shown that the linguistic expression of the conceptual integration of content transmitted by verbal and visual components may be a pun, personification, hyperbole, irony. As methods of analysis of the actual material the contextual and conceptual analyses are used. The obtained results can be used in courses on English stylistics, text linguistics, cognitive linguistics.

The problems of urban nomination in linguistic-creative aspect basing on the materials of Tambov streets’ names of are considered. It is founded that linguistic creativity is subjected to realization of pragmatic language function as it serves to create informational base of urban onomasticon for human as a bearer of linguistic consciousness. The analysis of onomastic creative nominations must include the linguistic means themselves and concrete mechanisms which are used while nomination and not only pragamatic units of nominator. Within the framework of onomastic creativity concept it was found that the use of linguistic means while creation of onomastic units is reflected in artificial onomastic nomination. The sphere of nomination of linear urban objects (streets, squares, lanes, passages and etc.) marks different ways of urbanonymic conceptual derivation: objective, procedural, objective and mixed ways (object-objective, object-procedural and procedural-objective). It is proved that the use of generic name with the aim of naming linear urban object illustrates the specifics of language consciousness and forms of world acquisition (comp. the most widespread name of street in Israel - Olive Street). The characteristics of us-them with the help of neutral lexis having estimation (the typical metaphoric model vegetative world - urbanonym are used) is reflected in the semantics formation of vegetative urbanonyms.

The thoughts about ways of poetonymology development, interdisciplinary scientific direction, studying proper names in literary and art texts are proposed. The study is relevant because of connection with the development of onomastic researches in the world and because of the principal novelty of theoretical postulates which state poetonymology not only as an heir of literary onomastics but also as a new stage of its development. The aim is to present to the readers the tasks of poetonymology researches as specific way of penetration not only in poetic manner but also in semantic aura of poetonyms forming in the functioning process in literary and art text, the features and abilities of proper names in generation of literary-artistic whole creation. The understanding of the term poetonym which is understood as a name in literary-artistic speech, which acts not only as obligatory nominative function, characterizing ideological and stylistic functions the lateral to real onymy with flexible semantics is proposed. On the basis of the notion of artistic work as lateral semiotic modeling system we can speak about poetonymy as about lateral system if it is presented in the literary work as modeling real system. The basic lines of theoretical changes of notions about poetonymy are shown. It is proved that every proper name in literary-artistic text is a sign of “factual” (meaning created with the help of writer’s imagination) existence of the marked object.