THEORY AND HISTORY OF CULTURE
The concept “globalization” is a key for understanding of changes, happening in all spheres of social life, started in the last third of XX century, despite this fact the discussion of positive and negative points of globalization is still under attention of scientists. Increasing the degree of openness of national social-economic systems, globalization leads to irreversible changes inside separate national cultures. The problem of culture globalization from the view of culturological approach is analyzed and the existing possibility of national cultures resolution in global is reviewed. The principles of dialectic methods are the basis for methods of research. The culturological basis of globalization, basing on conceptual apparatus, built up in modern philosophy, sociology, culturology is analyzed. It is shown, that the process of globalization does not only creates uniform structures in economy and policy of different countries of the world, but also leads to “glocalization” – adaptation of elements of modern western culture for local conditions and local traditions. It is concluded, that global culture – is one of culture forms, the existence of which is not rejected, but global culture is not the only one, but exists with national, ethnic, folk and other forms of culture, has its own structure and morphology, has definite functions and forms modern values.
The study of value-orientation components of the art culture and spiritual life of the society, in general, in this period, will come close to the most accurate depth understanding of social processes in the culture of Russia, awareness of the essence of current events and the role of art and philosophy in it, to identify positive factors of the formation of the mentality of society. The analysis showed that one of the important aspects of value-orientation components specificity study of art culture is a question of cultural inheritance. An idea of understanding is formed: that the state of modern society and its future depend on type of spiritual and material culture value that will be inherited and their adaptation algorithms to modern conditions. It is proved that in the modern period of Russian society development, it is necessary to note either the system imbalance in value-orientation components of the art culture or the absence of a number of components and the presence of negative specificity of influence on the recipient. But, in accordance with the theory of cycles change of culture, there is a tendency of the antithesis in difficult periods accompanied by bifurcation. Indeed, access to sustainable traditional values. Empirics of exhibition activity of young artists both in the Central House of Artists and in the provinces shows that the protest wave passes, conceptual projects are not so popular, especially in the regions. It could be noted without any surprise of interest of art schools students, graduates and potential entrants to the realistic method, to real themes and subjects, some of which date back to the art of the past, which is also symptomatic. In this case, there is a tendency to restore universal humanistic values-orientation components of the art culture.
ИСКУССТВОВЕДЕНИЕ
Cultural-philosophic and essential basements of Coptic (Egyptian) temple creation and historical suppositions of Egypt spiritual-artistic language are reviewed. The peculiarities of Monophysitism as of spiritual-artistic concept in the development of Coptic art are explained. The artistic peculiarities of Monophysitism confessions, Coptic, Ethiopian and Armenian churches are revealed. These peculiarities are in simplicity and archaic representation, and also in transformation of saints’ figures according to the principle of their perfection. The special symbolism of Coptic artistic and icon creation is presented, these are authentic portrayal of Christ, the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels. The peculiarities of artistic-expressive language of Coptic icon-painting are analyzed, which are defined by dark background, laconic brevity and the simplicity of folds on clothes and the enlarged eyes form and decreased mouth form among saint people. The basic compositional peculiarities of Coptic icon-painting, which were formed before the present day are revealed. The basic positions of Coptic art are illustrated by modern reproductions of icons and pictures. The ancient Egyptian sources of plastic language of Coptic icon-painting are defined. The attention is paid to artistic monuments of Christian monastery of Anthony the Great. Christian relics of the most ancient Orthodox monastery of Saint Katherine in Mount Sinai are considered. The basic conclusions and reviews are made.
LANGUAGE STUDIES
It is devoted to the problem of evaluative categorization of interpersonal relationships in the industrial field in the English language. The relevance is in cognitive-linguistic orientation, studying of the principles and mechanisms of evaluative categorization. The aim is to determine the features of general and private evaluation of industrial interpersonal relationships. The evaluation is formed at the intersection of the objective and evaluative characteristics of the assessed object, that is why they are identified and presented. For this purpose, special literature is analyzed, as well as reference books and dictionaries. The selection of these features allows to show the most significant landmarks in the evaluation activities of the subject of evaluation. The frame structure of interpersonal relations in the industrial field is described. English language means of representation of evaluative category of industrial interpersonal relationships are systematized. The cognitive mechanisms underlying the evaluative categorization of the studied type of relationship are revealed. The level organization of evaluative categorization of interpersonal relationships in the industrial sector is presented. In the case of general evaluation, evaluating subject turns to the constitutive objective characteristics of interpersonal relationships, and in the case of private evaluation – to the variable characteristics of interpersonal relationships.
Nowadays positioning of a region became a very important target of the research for many specialists in different fields: economics, PR, sociology, political science, linguistics, etc. Regional place branding has been an issue for all major spheres of the scientific and mass-media discourse lately. The attention is focused on strong interrelations of the image of different regions with image of Russia on the whole. Russia can be considered as some kind of a jigsaw puzzle consisting of a number of compact models of the geographic space, which are located in the consciousness of representatives of different nationalities and form the image of our country. At present the most part of negative stereotypes concerning Russia is connected with one of its largest regions – Siberia. The concept of “Siberia” is constructed to detect the specificity of Siberia perception image by the representatives of English speaking community, and to define its image-building potential. 200 representatives of English speaking community were questioned and the following conclusions were made: foreigners perceive Siberia not only as a region rich in natural resources (including flora and fauna), but also as a land inapplicable for tourism and even living (cold, empty territory). There is also a favorable tendency for the negative image of Siberia, formed during the “Cold War”, to change and become more positive.
The scientific works are analyzed and a comparative analysis of the noun in Romance languages (on the basis of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and French) is made. The possibility of simultaneous learning of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and French based on the lexical and grammatical similarities of these languages is discussed. Comparative analysis of nouns revealed the following areas of convergence and divergence in the lexical and grammatical structure of the Romance languages: nouns have common similarities in gender identification of nouns by their endings, the formation of feminine nouns and formation of plural nouns. However, French unlike Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, has a complex system of forming feminine and plural. This fact distinguishes French language from Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. Also Italian has a specific system of forming plural, which is very different from that of Spanish, Portuguese and French. Special cases of formation of plural forms of nouns have their own characteristics and are markedly different in every language, but uses of nouns are similar and have common rules. It is concluded that on the basis of revealed areas of convergence and divergence in the lexical and grammatical structure of the Romance languages, it is possible to develop a method of simultaneous study of several foreign languages of this group.
LITERATURE STUDIES
Zakhar Prilepin’s work of art “The Figure-of-Eight” with Aleksei Uchitel’s film of the same name made on the basis of Aleksander Mindadze’s screen version are compared and the peculiarities of plot interpretation in film adaptation and screening are pointed out. As a result, it has been concluded that both the writer and the director as well as the scriptwriter got into the inside of the main problem of our time, revealing its sources and reasons, recreating the Eltzin epoch of the USSR break-up in the end of the 1990s showing “the epoch section” in the fate of four riot squad officers, former “Afghan war participants”. The most significant reviews and comments about the film “The Figure-of-Eight” pinpointing lack of true comprehension of the problems set in the story and its screen adaptation are analyzed. Based on the film criticism and comparing the story “The Figure-of-Eight” and its film version, it is proved that both artists have created not a “blockbuster or melodrama” and not Z. Prilepin’s “passion” but by means of different artistic devices they have asserted one and the same ideas: human personality lost value in the society; unprecedented cruelty became normal; true moral guidelines and purport of human life were lost as a result of the spiritual crisis of the 20th century (revolutions, civil wars, Stalin’s repressions and the country’s break-up in 1991). The contemporary man feels deep loneliness and a sense of being forgotten by God having lost traditional ideas of family values and genuine love.
МЕТОДИКА И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ
Practical experience of teaching in higher education institute using innovative methods and techniques are described. Noting that in mass practice of higher education is a characteristic feature to disregard for the subjective motivation basis of teaching, the attempts to change the situation in teaching based on the analysis of the research are made. Based on the experience of V.Y. Laudis in the designation of changed perceptions on the subject of scientific psychological knowledge and inclusion in the context of its study of the diversity and heterogeneity of rational knowledge forms, teaching is considered not as a translation of knowledge, but as a complex, multifaceted, multidimensional, and effective through training activities. Noting that the transition to a subject-subject paradigm of education assumes certain changes in the nature of the interaction between teacher and students and that these changes should primarily affect attitudes of participants of educational process, applied forms and methods of training, approach to the assessment of interaction, is identified as one of the key problems of higher education – improving the efficiency of interaction between teachers and students. Summarizing the essential characteristics of the interaction from the point of view of these positions, the concept of “interaction of teaching and learning in the educational process” is “deepened”. Due to the fact that the leading goal of interaction learning (teacher) and students (students, undergraduates, doctoral students) they see the development of individuals interacting parties, and the concept of “interaction” in this aspect is seen as a deep and multi-faceted phenomenon that consists of mutual knowledge, relationships, understanding, mutual action and interaction. Implementation of the proposed integration models of interaction of subjects of educational process and elements of new educational technologies, – this is a kind of learner-centered technology-based on personalization (adequate inclusion in the process of interaction of the personal experience of all his subjects). Also it is believed that many psychological techniques and methods are particularly optimal for creating learning from each other and “understandingly” atmosphere classes. Especially popular is receiving the INSERT and its application in the lectures. Lecture-insert is not only thought-provoking students with form classes, but by stimulating effective interaction of subjects of educational process.
ISSN 2782-5868 (Online)