The purpose of this study is to characterize semantic features of synonyms usage in different types of text. We prove the hypothesis that synonymy differently implements semantic features in various types and genres of text. Our study is based on the text of the novel by A. Bely “Petersburg” and publications of various genres presented in mass media and in the Russian National Corpus. Results of the study show that the synonyms usage in the artistic text correlates with the peculiarities of the narrative and substantial organization of the text and forms the expressive, ideological content of the text. Synonyms in such texts create connectivity and semantic integrity of the text. Publicistic texts characterized by the predominance of substitution function connected with the development of text coherence. However, in certain publicistic genres, synonyms usage is capable of creating complex evaluative content of the text. In the scientific and official speech genres synonyms usage is limited, and the main method of coherence is the repetition of the same word. In some genres of these types of speech there are synonyms which are used in the substitution function to create coherence. Based on the analysis of the study results, we prove that in accordance with the communicative strategy of the genre, the linguistic personality can implement different models of synonymy. The most complex and variable model is implemented in artistic texts, where a large number of words connected by semantic and associative links become semantically close. In scientific and official texts there is a communicative strategy focused on accuracy of presentation, therefore, the use of synonyms is limited.

We analyze the linguistic features of poetic texts by V.A. Soloukhin. We investigate the semantics of “water” as the designation of one of the nature elements, and its functional features. We give complex description of the linguistic embodiment of the “water” element in the author’s artistic worldview. We focus on consideration of the lexemes that serve to represent the water element, conducting the most complete analysis of V.A. Soloukhin’s use of this element in poetic works. We consider element in connection with the peculiarities of the Russian mentality, culture and history in the national specifics. We pay attention to the description of substantive side of water element and philosophical, historical and cultural meanings related to this lexeme, to the implementation and use of this linguistic unit in specific texts and in the minds of native speakers. We provide the description of nature on the example of water element, the structure and functions of this word. The study may have a practical focus in the framework of teaching Russian, including Russian as a foreign language; in studying the work of V.A. Soloukhin in the literature studies course and in the compilation of author’s dictionaries.

We analyze lexical and semantic originality and part of speech activity of dialect words as one of the stylistic dominants of the S.А. Yesenin’s novella “The Ravine” and as part of his individual creative manner. This study was conducted for the first time. We consider the material
using the methods of interpretation, component analysis, as well as structural descriptive and contextual methods. In the course of working with the existing literature on this issue, we discover the lack of material coverage and the absence of dialect vocabulary analysis in the novella “The Ravine” from morphological point of view. We find the thematic, morphological diversity and reveal the manifestation specificity of local words in the author’s and dialogical speech of the work, as well as the functional validity of their application. We prove that the use of local words in novella is caused not only by the idea of novella being a village theme work, but also has a deep cognitive basis. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that conducted research of novella’s dialectal vocabulary allows to complement the knowledge of the specificity of S.A. Yesenin poetics’, his linguistic worldview and the peculiarity of his individual style.

We consider the academic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language (RL) as the basis of academic (automated, archival) vocabulary (systematic) corpus (concordance, tuple, compendium) (AVC) [1–6] of the Russian language, as well as the algorithm, concept and principles of development and creation of academic vocabulary corpus of the Russian language. Academic vocabulary corpus is constructed in the form of HYSAURUS (hypertext thesaurus) [7; 8] in a nonlinear form, taking into account relational, hierarchical and network paradigmatic relations, which will allow to structurize and integrate lexicographic materials through suitable classification and systematization, digitalization and retrodigitization of academic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, thereby ensuring their prompt entry into scientific circulation with the aim of optimization scientific research in contemporary lexicography. Scientific significance of the academic vocabulary corpus is determined by the need for a centralized description of Russian vocabulary, since numerous developments in this area have their own tasks and direction of research, which does not allow to see the full linguistic view of the Russian Federation, which the information-retrieval academic vocabulary corpus can show. For this purpose, we suppose to simulate, develop and create a workable interactively replenished information-retrieval academic vocabulary corpus of the Russian language, allowing to combine various lexicographic sources into a single database.

In modern national linguistics there is a set of works devoted to the description of language personalities of representatives of certain professions. However, in the last decades due to the increase of interest in the military sphere names of cadets, soldiers and officers are in the researchers’ attention centre. We also analyze names of objects of a material environment, it allows to conduct fully studying of language personality of the representative of the Armed Forces of Russian Federation as the ratio of motifs and ways of the nomination will allow to reveal features of the language personality of Russian personnel in mediated communication. We analyze the motivation features of the official names of the Russian military equipment and armor. We consider chrematonyms in terms of their belonging to humorous means of communication in military sphere. We prove application of humorous names by specifics of national character of the Russian personnel. Material of article is the corpus in the form of the glossary in the Internet and also results of the military personnel survey. The new empirical material introduction for scientific use allows to make objective and reliable conclusions on the nature of the humorous nomination in the sphere of military equipment and armor. Research material can be used both in military education, and in an elective course of onomastics in civil university.

We center on the study of peculiarities of Russian folk patois in the 21st century, which is an important necessity due to the enormous influence on them by the literature language, the ongoing industrialization in society. We prove the necessity of studying the linguistic system of patois in the anthropocentric paradigm aspect. We make an attempt to present the dialect dictionary of one person in the ancient village of Verkhnyaya Toida, Anninsky District, Voronezh Region. We suggest vocabulary entries which reflect the villager’s lexicon in order to get the most complete picture of his speech portrait. The results of the analysis of the Dialect mini-dictionary of one linguistic person of the Voronezh Region, including 106 dialect lexemes that are functioning in the dialect carrier speech, represent knowledge of the social realm. We establish that the dialectal units in the mini-dictionary reflect a dialectal linguistic person, who demonstrates local peculiarities, reflecting the features of the southern Russian dialect of the Voronezh dialectal discourse. An attempt to create such mini-dictionary based on Voronezh patois suggests that the majority of words are also used in other Russian folk patois, but there are also those that we consider to be localisms or regionalisms. This fact proves the brilliance, expressiveness and originality of the Verkhnyaya Toida patois.

We analyze the main topoi used by English-language editorials to build their arguments in order to construct a negative image of immigrants. The relevance of this study is due to the specificity of the trends in the construction of immigration discourse and its various aspects, as evidenced by the large number of scientific works in both domestic and foreign science. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main topoi that actualize the discursive reproduction of negative attitude towards immigrants in the English-language press. We investigate the news reports from the American weekly magazine “Time”, the American news channel “FoxNews” and the British editorials “The Daily Mail”, “The Guardian” and “The Telegraph”. The main methodological basis is a critical discourse analysis, which is based on the understanding of discourse as a form of social interaction. We establish that the power elites construct the public opinion that is beneficial for the power bloc in relation to “others”, form and support negative images of “aliens” as representatives of other races, ethnic groups and cultures using the mass media. We analyze the main linguistic tools that identify topoi with respect to immigrants. We present the specific examples that demonstrate the features of topoi functioning in English-language editorials.

We analyze of German lexis with color definition in its structure and consider the se-
condary importance of the lexical categories of “plants” and “animals”. The relevance is due to the continuous interest of linguists to the study of the processes of interpretation and conceptualization, which is confirmed by numerous works in this field of research. The purpose of this research should be considered the analysis of lexical units objectifying the areas of “plants” and “animals” within the framework of their color realization on the material of German, Russian and English. The main methods in the work are the method of conceptual analysis, the method of component analysis. We describe in detail the implementation in languages of the “color” attribute of interpretive knowledge formats based on lexical categories representing the areas “plants” and “animals”. In the course of the study of the actual material, interpretive signs of the perception and observation format, characteristic of the categories of this field, were revealed. We analyze a number of lexical units included in the “plants” and “animal” areas, and make conclusions on updating the color scheme in the language using the interpretation of lexical categories.

We consider history of the book title and how its role in the book and its place in the book edition changed. It also addresses the problem of studying the title of a book in Russian and foreign practices from the point of view of its poetics and functions, both in close connection with the text of the work, and with the help of the “distant reading” method. It is also being reviewed some current trends in book naming in modern publishing practices, such as the extensive use of citation and allusion techniques, the desire to reduce the title to a few characters, as well as the use of the letters of the Latin alphabet. The problems of the connection between the title and the genre of the novel and the structure of the title are also described. Separately, the question of the responsibility of the editor when working with the title of the translated work is raised. With concrete examples the problems of choosing the title of a book in the process of editorial preparation were analyzed,as well as some errors that the editor may make, dwelling on one or another variant of the title. We use the analytical-synthetic method of research. At the end of the work there are the main conclusions from the study.

We present the individual results of a qualitative, comprehensive reviews analysis of collections of poems published in Russian literary periodicals of recent years. We formulate the goal of the reviewer – to attract the reader to his text and through it to the poetic work; the task of the reviewer is to detect and convey to the reader such signs of the author’s style and poetic work (book) as the essence of this style, which make it possible to speak of the author and book as unique, different from all others (“Pushkin is Pushkin”). We emphasize that a literary critic works primarily on the individualization of an artistic work. In this regard, we unfold the analogy of the work of the critic with the work of the forensics analyst on the identification of an unknown object: as such object (identifiable) serves not yet written content of the review, as an object for comparison (identifying) serves the poetic text. We list the features that are being compared, we indicate that these features are not accidental, but are strictly due to the task of individualization. We sum up that the poems review is not a simple reflection of the poems peculiarities, plus the critic’s subjective attitude towards them; for a deeper understanding of how a literary-critical work is created, it is necessary to borrow a number of concepts from another field of knowledge – the forensic identification theory.

We investigate the role of subject detail in the I.A. Bunin’s artistic worldview on the material of prose. Problem of an artistic subject in the poetics of the writer is revealed on the
example of functioning of such thing as a suitcase. The purpose of the study is to describe some artistic principles of I.A. Bunin’s poetics and analyze the role of artistic subject in the work
system. From this position, we consider the most representative texts (“The Story of a Suitcase”, “The Gentleman from San Francisco”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Heinrich”, “The Mad Artist”). We reveal the characterological functions of the portrait detail, designed to show status of the hero. This detail also inherent plot-forming functions, which are an essential feature of a subject in which the world of things is animated. We note the special sensory properties of the detail (color, olfactory, sound, tactile) as a way of psychological characteristics of the hero and a reflection of the writer’s artistic originality.

We present the study of spatiotemporal coordinates of the artistic world of N. Abgaryan in the storybook “To live further”, which was not previously the subject of keen interest of researchers. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the texts of storybook “To live further” as a whole, identifying the features of the writer’s artistic world through the revealing of its main spatiotemporal categories. We show that the main chronotopes in the studied storybook are “house” and “provincial city of Berd”, the locus of which are closely interrelated and perceived as the world. The key concepts for understanding the artistic world of N. Abgaryan are cultural and ancestral memory, the eternal cycle of existence. The restoration of the war-torn time cycle becomes possible thanks to the activation of cultural memory mechanisms. Ways to restore the cyclic time, disturbed by the war, in the studied storybook is the repeatability of ordinary actions. Actualization of memory is carried out through the thing, name, smell, food. Preservation of memory is associated with changes in the flow of biological time. The silence chosen by N. Abgaryan’s heroes is not only a way of displacing tragic events from memory, but also a new opportunity to experience memories. The emblematic title of the storybook “To live further” leads the reader to the idea that life always defeats death, and the cyclicity of time is the key to world harmony.

We explore the psychoanalytic transfer used by Danish director Lars von Trier in his debut film “Forbrydelsens element” (1984). We consider the stages of therapeutic sleep, its composition and structure. Along with hypnosis, we also analyze the motives of the artistic system of surrealism: strangulation, nausea, narcosis, sadistic and masochistic cruelties, drowning and poisoning, penis divinity, sewage and feces, decomposition of things, carrion and other unimaginable abominations. We show how surrealism becomes an integral part of the global modern art system – postmodernism. The closest attention is paid to such postmodern principle and methods of picturing reality as the distortion of chronotope, singularity and fold. We investigate “neomythologism” and the mystery of the film. Myths, secret allegories and magical practices of all times are involved in the demonstration of the first phenomenon. Path of the policeman character is presented as the initiation of the “neophyte” into the mystery, as katabasis, as Jung's archetype of “knight’s departure into darkness”. A special place in the work is given to the analysis of satirical means of influence on the viewer: elements of farce, slapstick and grotesque. In this field of Lars vonTrier’s caustic satire lies a policy of multiculturalism, still pursued by the European Union countries and becoming the last, “night” coil in the era of the Christian civilization decline. Genres of past centuries (medieval mystery, idyll, phantasmagoria), presented in the film structure, also reinforce its satirical and pressing nature.

We consider fixed units in Russian and Macedonian languages, latter of which is the youngest literary Slavic language with the aim of maximal immersion into the mental atmosphere of two Slavic peoples. We reveal the actual national and international specificity that is involved in the communicative process optimization. We prove that in order to increase the communicative competence of students who study Russian as a foreign language at an advanced stage of education, first of all, students of philological profile, it is necessary to turn to the study of the phraseological units functioning and the paroemic fund. Personal experience of teaching Russian to Macedonian students of philological profile shows that they do not have sufficient knowledge in the wide use of Russian phraseological units in their speech. To meet these needs, the phraseological examples and material of the paroemic fund of languages are very effective, since they present the national specificity of a given people, reflecting different situational variations. We establish that the structure of fixed units contains a reflection of national and international features as a reflection of reality in human consciousness. These features can represent both holistic, covering the entire object of the perceived, and fractional, when separate fragments of the overall picture are highlighted.

The creative heritage popularization is the basis for the development of the modern information society, the formation of a competitive cultural environment and future journalists. With history modernization consciousness sets the code's brightness to the pragmatic young generation, the revival of its noble qualities. The triumph of the spiritual wealth of the nation will strengthen the profession of a warm heart. We analyze the clarity of data sources with specific facts on histo-
rical events occurred in the works of historical heritage and national poets and writers, who are national symbols, great people who struck the world. The facts of language activity are determined by the historical facts. The recognition of a number of cognitive frameworks from national propaganda of the national code through national concepts in cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistic, and psycholinguistic sophistication opens the way for a new revival of the poets’ and writers’ works. We recognize personality aspects through analysis of various works on history events. The works of Abai Kunanbayev, Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, M. Shakhanov, S. Elubayev, S. Murtaza,
B. Bedelkhan, K. Sarsenbai are the national symbol. The essence of the national spirit is that it reflects the character of historical events that are deeply revealed in the Nazir model presented in a new format, and reflects the character of ethnological knowledge not only through the national aspect of word combinations and phraseology, but also by analyzing the sections of national instruments. Supervision of Republic prepared the plan of future popularization of historical and cultural heritage of Kazakhstan as in the country and abroad.

Tambov Governorate in the Russian Empire until the beginning of the XX century was the largest region of the country. The borders of the Tambov diocese and the Tambov Governorate coincided with the end of the 18th century. There were 16 monasteries and monastic communities. Bishop Theophan paid special attention to the development of spiritual life in the Tambov Governorate. He fed seminars and schools for girls (the diocesan women's school). Saint Theophan founded the first periodical journal in the diocese, the Tambov Eparchial Journal. For a short period of stay in Tambov, he proved himself to be an active organizer of various areas of church life, including missionary and educational significance. Bishop Theophan was keenly interested in all questions that were connected with the activities of the clergy, their behavior and relations among themselves. The Saint always showed love and compassion for his flock, and especially in the days of severe trials. Bishop Theophan left a bright mark in the history of the Tambov diocese as a trustee of the theological seminary and diocesan schools, the founder of temples and the organizer of decency in the cloisters, a writer and a teacher of morality, caring for the spiritual education, education and perfection of the inhabitants of the Tambov territory.