It is devoted to the review of the origin of Russian phraseological units. It is proved that there were some reasons why not a phraseological approach prevailed, requiring analysis of the combination in general, but a lexical approach – interpretation of a work, which is supposed to the core word of the phraseological unit. During the review of three phraseological units their etymology is proposed, which is not marked by any phraseological dictionary. It is proved that phraseological unit Олух царя небесного (sainted blockhead) – is a stable combination which is half-loan translation of Turkic title uluγ tängri qaγan – “Great Heavenly King”, where the first component is borrowed and the second and the third ­ are translated. Phraseological unit Пироги с котятами (that's how it is, (loan trans. cakes with kittens)) makes thinking about the reasons why these cakes are certainly with kittens, but not with a tom-cat, cat, or a kitten and why is the filling of these cakes are the kittens that is explained by the foreign influence. Idioms До фени / до феньки, до фонаря, до лампочки (I don’t give a damn about it) are connected with symbolic of the first letter of the alphabet in pre-reformation writing before 1918, which was supposed to be improper and is euphemistic synonym to the meaning of the idiom with offensive language component. The illustrations of the examples of the texts of fiction are given.

Within the framework of cognitive direction the specifics of language conceptualization of natural space in English language is studied. The category “Natural spaces” is a definite format of knowledge about the anthology of the world. The variety of language forms for representation of basic conceptual characteristics of natural realia is the evidence of connection of eye perception with cognitive processes of conceptualization and categorization in this language society. The definite structures of knowledge, which were revealed as a result of conceptualization and categorization of English natural spaces, may be presented both in language and conceptual levels, that let us understand the general cognitive principles and mechanisms, participating in the process of formation of categories of the language. The variety of language forms for representation of English natural space and its basic characteristics is the evidence of the connection of eye perception with the processes of conceptualization and categorization in this language society. The semantics of natural spaces in English language is characterized by detailed “level of quantization”, the definite image of the reality. The knowledge, revealed during conceptualization of English natural realia, may be presented both at language and at conceptual level, which let understand the general principles and mechanisms, participating in the process of formation of categories of language. This, in some relation, widens the scientific ideas of the peculiarities of language conceptualization and categorization of English natural space and interpreting activity of language consciousness.

The peculiarities of chronotope in the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn are considered. Based on the materials of the earliest stories “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “An Incident at Krechetovka Station” the artistic details, which create specific marks of real and artistic time and space in flash fiction of the writer are analyzed. The basic directions of artistic search of the writer in the time of national coloration of the time and place of the described events are defined. “The principle of shrinking the time of the fiction” in the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” is founded in detail based on content and linguistic levels. The concrete artistic devices which create the full picture of life during showing the events of life within the frames of the limited time and space range are revealed. Artistic ways of widening the time frames and borders of the closed space are defined. The text units, which are for the formation of specific spacio-temporal connection are marked. New reading of the name of the story “An Incident at Krechetovka Station”, adding the ideas of peculiarities of spacio-temporal organization of prose of the writer is proposed. The reasons of graphical highlighting of the words and phrases in the text of the story are analyzed. The possible vectors of comparative analysis of prose of A.I. Solzhenitsyn and E.I. Zamyatin are founded. The ways of formation of writer’s concept of the link of the past – present – future in the scale of one person and the whole people are denoted.

The names of colour shades as a result of figurative interpretation of the world by man are considered. It is shown that these linguistic units are formed in the process of secondary interpretation, which results in new knowledge about the world related to secondary processes of conceptualization and categorization. This interpretation suggests that a person taking into account the collective knowledge of the world subjectively highlights certain aspects of them, on which new knowledge represented by derived units is generated. The importance of using the method of cognitive modelling in the analysis of the semantics of names of color shades, allowing vividly convey ideas about color, is substantiated. The types of cognitive models according to which the colour terms are formed – metonymic (WHOLE – PART), metaphoric, metaphtonymic, propositional cognitive models QUALITY (COLOUR) LIKE / AS OBJECT and QUALITY (COLOUR) ASSOCIATED WITH PLACE by the material of nominations for fashionable colours autumn–winter 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. The colour terms the creation of which is realized by a certain cognitive model (single-word names of color shade – Titanium, Rhapsody, Acai, etc.) are distinguished and colour terms under designing of which several models (composite names of color shade – French Roast, Honey Gold, Pink Flambe, etc.) are implemented.

It is devoted to the review of etymology of the root -PIT-, which is based on the oikonyme Piterka, Piterka 1^st, Piterka 2^nd, Piterskoe, Pitirim, hydronym Piterka on the territory of Tambov region, Piterskaya street in Tambov. This fact let us talk about retrospective consideration of nomination in Russian onomastics. It is proved, that toponyms as of the components of onomastic space is defined by three levels of categorization: basic, subordinate and superordinate. Generally accepted names of oikonyms and urban linear units contain the most valuable information, which characterizes the addressness (official names of topounits). Such toponymic units are concentrated on basic level. Unofficial names of address units, given by the local inhabitants, for example Питер (Peter, short for Saint-Petersburg), are oriented for the everyday oral speech (based on associations, accord and etc.) and are presented at subordinate level. At this level toponyms are also presented, which are used in colloquial speech, when communicators own the situation of communication and the accompanying toponym appellative unit may be omitted. I live in Peter. I am going out at Tsensky street. Linguacognitive direction of the research let review the specifics of nomination of geographic units in conceptual perspective when the attention is focused on mental processes of appearance in the language of toponymic and urbanonymic units, accompanying the widening of paradigm of linguistic studies of Russian.

A short review of use of relevant terms in modern science: competence, competency and competence approach with the aim of defining the author’s relation is given. The problem of formation of educational (key) competences at students is reviewed, an attempt to provide the rise of the quality of education and the decision of the problem of preparation of highly qualified specialist, who will suit the international standards is presented. Modern society requires the formation of competitive specialist, who can react on the rapidly changing life circumstances, because of this the concept of full system of key competences is relevant, where an important place takes communicative competence. The improvement of this type of competence is needed for effective implementation of speech activity both in the sphere of social-cultural and for future profession. This is explained by the reason that the speech of the one hand is the mean of communication and interaction between people, on the other hand the marker of intellectual potential of future specialist. It is stated that the implementation of competence approach in the institutes of higher education increases the efficiency of educational process and accordingly will increase the quality of education. That is why the development of new standards of education, new typical and working programs, educational and methodic complexes, textbooks and school-books, oriented on the expected results is needed.

The modern situation of professional communication, which dictates the definite requirements, for fulfilling of which not only right design of language units of professional communication, equivalence of their meanings, but also the accordance to the necessary international standards. In connection with this, in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of credit technology of teaching in the institutes of higher education the independent work of students is one of the most important innovative forms of teaching in the content of system of higher education. The efficiency of doing the independent work by students depends on right combination of the amounts of auditory work and independent work. It is proved, that one of the most important tasks of independent work of the student is the provision of depth of studying and the understanding by the students of studying material, its professional competence, the need for the self-education and self-development, development of critical thinking. The implementation of new technologies of education – is an innovative process, it follows all the requirements and rules of innovative activity. Credit technology – this is the educational technology, which increases the level of self-education of students and creative understanding of knowledge based on the individualization, the choice of organization trajectory within the framework of strict regulation of education process and considering the amount of knowledge in credits.

Cultural-philosophic peculiarities of appearance and formation of Russian icon-painting school, starting from first icons, which were in Russia before Moscow icon-painting school are reviewed. The language of icon as of a form of expression of spiritual postulates is analyzed. The works of icon-painting of Novgorod, Pskov, Vladimir-Suzdal and Tver schools are analyzed and listed, and also temple art in general with the help of cultural-philosophic methods. The historical studies of art, cultorological and philosophic preconditions of appearance and formation of Russian icon-painting schools with their peculiarities are shown. These are Novgorod temple art with image-contemplative reading of iconographic image, Pskov temple art with figurativeness and integrity, Vladimir-Suzdal temple art with its spiritual-esthetic beauty of images, Tver temple art with clearness and laconic of icon image. The interactions of Byzantine and Russian icon-painting schools, their common and different features are revealed. The model of peculiarities of appearance and formation of Russian icon-painting shool till Moscow period in icon-painting is presented. The peculiarities of language of icon as of form of expression of spiritual postulates are identified. The basic resources on theme of research are proposed.

Value basis, the essence of culture of Belgorod region and some phenomena that provide saving, production, transmission and spread of spiritual values are reviewed. The appeal to the chosen works of national culture (particularly oral folklore) and classical and modern art (literature, sculpture, painting) which revealed the soul of the people, peculiarities of way of life and constructive labour, all that helps present spiritual preferences of Belgorod people of different generation, which provide the process of creation and saving Belgorod region as a unique creative and scientific-educational laboratory, one of the leading regions of modern Russia. In newest geopolitical and social-economic conditions the culture of Belgorod is an important resource of overcoming humanitarian crisis, the decisive condition of increase of knowing Russian language, the knowledge  of history, customs and traditions of people, basic factor of formation of ability of person to understand and appreciate art and culture. Culture of Belgorod region always evolves comprehensive phenomenon, strategy resource of regional and state development due to which the creation of one cultural-educational space is happening and successful implementation of the personality which is able to historically-cultural self-identification which is the transmitter of basic spiritual values, ideals of small and big native country.

Basic directions of development of higher education in the countries of Asia on the modern stage are reviewed. The systems of higher education of Asian countries demonstrate the significant growth, and separate universities even reach the leading positions in international universities rates, claim to get the status of universities of world class. The most significant dynamics is demonstrated in the Institutes of Higher Education of China and Japan the prospective strategies of development of national systems of higher education in other countries are developed. The changes in systems of higher education of Asian countries are connected, first of all, with the realization of global tendencies: globalization, internationalization, formation of society of knowledge and etc. The significant changes in the sphere of higher education lead to transformation of value basements of academic cultures. Asian Institutes of Higher Education on the one hand adopt Western values of higher education, on the other hand they try to save the national specifics of academic culture. At the same time the significant difficulties of realization of some basic values of higher education, first of all academic freedom as a leading value of higher education. The special attention is paid to modern state of academic culture of China, where system of education is developing more dynamic.

The producer’s experiments of the outstanding master of native stage art of Vsevolod Emilevich Meyerhold in the sphere of theatre and pedagogy are considered. The specific peculiarities of master’s producing, innovation and his searching in work with actors, search of expressiveness in acting technique are revealed. The process of becoming of creative individuality of V.E. Meyerhold: intolerance to dullness, constant search in students’ years, passion of methods K.S. Stanislavsky and his refusal of “naturalistic” theatre, rebel against his teacher and starting his own creative works, passion of symbolism, antiquity, area folk theatre. Experimental search of theatre pedagogy on Povarskaya were aimed at maximum revealing of acting technique and at space-plastic decision of performance. It is marked, that not only posed aims, work at form of performance were important for V.E. Meyerhold but first of all up-bringing of intellectually-developed actor – personality. The reasons of closing the studio at Povarskaya: discrepancy of poor acting technique of young studio actors to brilliant fantasy of producing of V.E. Meyerhold. The peculiarities of understanding by master of grotesque and its practical application in work with performance “Valaganchic” (Booth) in the theatre of V.F. Kommisarzhevskaya; the views of producing conditional theatre which let to develop the imagination of the spectator, “enlightened feeling of life”. Studio at Borodinskaya – new stage of creative experiments of the director, in the sphere of theatre forms, methods of acting and acting technique, studying the method and nature of national theatres of different countries and epochs. The special attention is paid to work art classics: producing searches and drama composition of “The Government Inspector”. The carefulness of development of every character of the play, the acquirement of the accordance of truth of life observations to scenic is marked.

The remarks of P.A. Goncharov are the comments on the article of professor of Tambov University L.V. Polyakova “Philological regionalistics as a science”, published in the journal “The Questions of Literature” (M., 2015. № 3, May–June. P. 186-201), where Tambov philologist states the problem of formation of independent direction or branch in modern system of humanities – regionalistics – with its specific criteria and tools of analysis. The author of the review writes about the extreme relevance of the problem of regionalism, about the importance of it in practice in the conditions of modern socio-cultural situation, and the developed by L.V. Polyakova theory and methodology, the proposed ways of the research of philological regionalistics are considered to be productive. P.A. Goncharov estimates as the most prospective, the attempt of the author of the article “Philological regionalistics as a science” to differentiate the concepts “regionalistics” and “study of local lore”.